Michael J. Behe A (R)evolutionary Biologist
Topic

Genetic entropy

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f17bbc65-25ff-488a-8a85-3dea182e88e6
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Waiting Longer for Two Mutations, Part 5

Dear Readers, An interesting paper appeared several months ago in an issue of the journal Genetics, “Waiting for Two Mutations: With Applications to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of Darwinian Evolution” (Durrett, R & Schmidt, D. 2008. Genetics 180: 1501-1509). This is the fifth of five posts that discusses it. Cited references appear in this post. The final conceptual error that Durrett and Schmidt commit is the gratuitous multiplication of probabilistic resources. In their original paper they calculated that the appearance of a particular double mutation in humans would have an expected time of appearance of 216 million years, if one were considering a one kilobase region of the genome. Since the evolution of humans from other primates took much less time Read More ›

3D illustration Virus DNA molecule, structure. Concept destroyed code human genome. Damage DNA molecule. Helix consisting particle, dots. DNA destruction due to gene mutation or experiment.
3D illustration Virus DNA molecule, structure. Concept destroyed code human genome. Damage DNA molecule. Helix consisting particle, dots. DNA destruction due to gene mutation or experiment
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Waiting Longer for Two Mutations, Part 4

An interesting paper appeared several months ago in an issue of the journal Genetics, “Waiting for Two Mutations: With Applications to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of Darwinian Evolution” (Durrett, R & Schmidt, D. 2008. Genetics 180: 1501-1509). This is the fourth of five posts that discusses it. Cited references will appear in the last post.  Now I’d like to turn to a couple of other points in Durrett and Schmidt’s reply which aren’t mistakes with their model, but which do reflect conceptual errors. As I quote in a previous post, they state in their reply, “This conclusion is simply wrong since it assumes that there is only one individual in the population with the first mutation.” I have shown previously that, Read More ›

damaged-section-of-dna-diagnosis-and-early-detection-genetic-mutations-genetic-disorders-deviations-gene-therapy-modification-of-cells-to-produce-a-therapeutic-effect-paternity-confirmation-stockpack-adobe-stock
Damaged section of DNA. Diagnosis and early detection. Genetic mutations. Genetic disorders, deviations. Gene therapy modification of cells to produce a therapeutic effect. Paternity confirmation.
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Waiting Longer for Two Mutations, Part 3

Dear Readers, An interesting paper appeared several months ago in an issue of the journal Genetics, “Waiting for Two Mutations: With Applications to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of Darwinian Evolution” (Durrett, R & Schmidt, D. 2008. Genetics 180: 1501-1509). This is the third of five posts that discusses it. Cited references will appear in the last post. The third problem also concerns the biology of the system. I’m at a bit of a loss here, because the problem is not hard to see, and yet in their reply they stoutly deny the mistake. In fact, they confidently assert it is I who am mistaken. I had written in my letter, ‘‘… their model is incomplete on its own terms because it Read More ›

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Little 3d plant growing on a concrete wall
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Waiting Longer for Two Mutations, Part 2

Dear Readers,  An interesting paper appeared several months ago in an issue of the journal Genetics, “Waiting for Two Mutations: With Applications to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of Darwinian Evolution” (Durrett, R & Schmidt, D. 2008. Genetics 180: 1501-1509). This is the second of five posts that discusses it. Cited references will appear in the last post.  Interesting as it is, there are some pretty serious problems in the way they applied their model to my arguments, some of which they owned up to in their reply, and some of which they didn’t. When the problems are fixed, however, the resulting number is remarkably close to the empirical value of 1 in 10^20. I will go through the difficulties in turn. Read More ›

dna-molecules-stockpack-adobe-stock
DNA molecules
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Waiting Longer for Two Mutations, Part 1

Dear Readers,  An interesting paper appeared several months ago in an issue of the journal Genetics, “Waiting for Two Mutations: With Applications to Regulatory Sequence Evolution and the Limits of Darwinian Evolution” (Durrett, R & Schmidt, D. 2008. Genetics 180: 1501-1509). This is the first of five posts that discusses it. Cited references will appear in the last post.  As the title implies, it concerns the time one would have to wait for Darwinian processes to produce some helpful biological feature (here, regulatory sequences in DNA) if two mutations are required instead of just one. It is a theoretical paper, which uses models, math, and computer simulations to reach conclusions, rather than empirical data from field or lab experiments, as The Edge does. The authors Read More ›